NickTheGreek 160 Report post Posted April 13, 2017 Vi Cheat Sheet Modes Quitting Inserting Text Motion Deleting Text Yanking Changing Text Putting Text Buffers Markers Searching Replacing Text Regular Expressions Counts Ranges Files Other Click here for the Advanced VI Cheatsheet Modes Vi has two modes insertion mode and command mode. The editor begins in command mode, where the cursor movement and text deletion and pasting occur. Insertion mode begins upon entering an insertion or change command. [ESC] returns the editor to command mode (where you can quit, for example by typing :q!). Most commands execute as soon as you type them except for "colon" commands which execute when you press the ruturn key. Quitting Exit, saving changes :q Exit as long as there have been no changes ZZ Exit and save changes if any have been made :q! Exit and ignore any changes Inserting Text i Insert before cursor I Insert before line a Append after cursor A Append after line o Open a new line after current line O Open a new line before current line r Replace one character R Replace many characters Motion h Move left j Move down k Move up l Move right w Move to next word W Move to next blank delimited word b Move to the beginning of the word B Move to the beginning of blank delimted word e Move to the end of the word E Move to the end of Blank delimited word ( Move a sentence back ) Move a sentence forward { Move a paragraph back } Move a paragraph forward 0 Move to the begining of the line $ Move to the end of the line 1G Move to the first line of the file G Move to the last line of the file nG Move to nth line of the file :n Move to nth line of the file fc Move forward to c Fc Move back to c H Move to top of screen M Move to middle of screen L Move to botton of screen % Move to associated ( ), { }, [ ] Deleting Text Almost all deletion commands are performed by typing d followed by a motion. For example, dw deletes a word. A few other deletes are: x Delete character to the right of cursor X Delete character to the left of cursor D Delete to the end of the line dd Delete current line Delete current line Yanking Text Like deletion, almost all yank commands are performed by typing y followed by a motion. For example, y$ yanks to the end of the line. Two other yank commands are: yy Yank the current line :y Yank the current line Changing text The change command is a deletion command that leaves the editor in insert mode. It is performed by typing c followed by a motion. For wxample cw changes a word. A few other change commands are: C Change to the end of the line cc Change the whole line Putting text p Put after the position or after the line P Put before the poition or before the line Buffers Named buffers may be specified before any deletion, change, yank or put command. The general prefix has the form "c where c is any lowercase character. for example, "adw deletes a word into buffer a. It may thereafter be put back into text with an appropriate "ap. Markers Named markers may be set on any line in a file. Any lower case letter may be a marker name. Markers may also be used as limits for ranges. mc Set marker c on this line `c Go to beginning of marker c line. 'c Go to first non-blank character of marker c line. Search for strings /string Search forward for string ?string Search back for string n Search for next instance of string N Search for previous instance of string Replace The search and replace function is accomplished with the command. It is commonly used in combination with ranges or the :g command (below). :s/pattern/string/flags Replace pattern with string according to flags. g Flag - Replace all occurences of pattern c Flag - Confirm replaces. & Repeat last command Regular Expressions . (dot) Any single character except newline * zero or more occurances of any character [...] Any single character specified in the set [^...] Any single character not specified in the set ^ Anchor - beginning of the line $ Anchor - end of line \< Anchor - begining of word \> Anchor - end of word \(...\) Grouping - usually used to group conditions \n Contents of nth grouping [...] - Set Examples [A-Z] The SET from Capital A to Capital Z [a-z] The SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [0-9] The SET from 0 to 9 (All numerals) [./=+] The SET containing . (dot), / (slash), =, and + [-A-F] The SET from Capital A to Capital F and the dash (dashes must be specified first) [0-9 A-Z] The SET containing all capital letters and digits and a space [A-Z][a-zA-Z] In the first position, the SET from Capital A to Capital Z In the second character position, the SET containing all letters Regular Expression Examples /Hello/ Matches if the line contains the value Hello /^TEST$/ Matches if the line contains TEST by itself /^[a-zA-Z]/ Matches if the line starts with any letter /^[a-z].*/ Matches if the first character of the line is a-z and there is at least one more of any character following it /2134$/ Matches if line ends with 2134 /\(21|35\)/ Matches is the line contains 21 or 35 Note the use of ( ) with the pipe symbol to specify the 'or' condition /[0-9]*/ Matches if there are zero or more numbers in the line /^[^#]/ Matches if the first character is not a # in the line Notes: 1. Regular expressions are case sensitive 2. Regular expressions are to be used where pattern is specified Counts Nearly every command may be preceded by a number that specifies how many times it is to be performed. For example, 5dw will delete 5 words and 3fe will move the cursor forward to the 3rd occurence of the letter e. Even insertions may be repeated conveniently with thismethod, say to insert the same line 100 times. Ranges Ranges may precede most "colon" commands and cause them to be executed on a line or lines. For example :3,7d would delete lines 3-7. Ranges are commonly combined with the command to perform a replacement on several lines, as with :.,$s/pattern/string/g to make a replacement from the current line to the end of the file. :n,m Range - Lines n-m :. Range - Current line Range - Last line :'c Range - Marker c :% Range - All lines in file :g/pattern/ Range - All lines that contain pattern Files :w file Write to file :r file Read file in after line :n Go to next file Go to previos file :e file Edit file !!program Replace line with output from program Other ~ Toggle upp and lower case J Join lines . Repeat last text-changing command u Undo last change U Undo all changes to line Return to the top Page produced by Lagmonster - Oct 2000 http://www.lagmonster.org/docs/vi.html Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
NickTheGreek 160 Report post Posted April 13, 2017 Advanced Vi Cheat Sheet Starting/Ending Status Modes Inserting Text Motion Deleting Text Yanking Changing Text Putting Text Buffers Markers Searching Replacing Text Regular Expressions Counts Ranges Shell Functions Files VI Settings Key Mapping Other Click here for the Basic VI Cheatsheet General Notes: 1. Before doing anything to a document, type the following command followed by a carriage return: :set showmode 2. VI is CaSe SEnsItiVe!!! So make sure Caps Lock is OFF. Starting and Ending VI Starting VI vi filename Edits filename vi -r filename Edits last save version of filename after a crash vi + n filename Edits filename and places curser at line n vi + filename Edits filename and places curser on last line vi +/string filename Edits filename and places curser on first occurance of string vi filename file2 ... Edits filename, then edits file2 ... After the save, use :n Ending VI ZZ or :wq or Saves and exits VI :w Saves current file but doesn't exit :w! Saves current file overriding normal checks but doesn't exit :w file Saves current as file but doesn't exit :w! file Saves to file overriding normal checks but doesn't exit :n,mw file Saves lines n through m to file :n,mw >>file Saves lines n through m to the end of file :q Quits VI and may prompt if you need to save :q! Quits VI and without saving :e! Edits file discarding any unsaved changes (starts over) :we! Saves and continues to edit current file Status :.= Shows current line number := Shows number of lines in file Control-G Shows filename, current line number, total lines in file, and % of file location l Displays tab (^l) backslash (\) backspace (^H) newline ($) bell (^G) formfeed (^L^) of current line Modes Vi has two modes insertion mode and command mode. The editor begins in command mode, where the cursor movement and text deletion and pasting occur. Insertion mode begins upon entering an insertion or change command. [ESC] returns the editor to command mode (where you can quit, for example by typing :q!). Most commands execute as soon as you type them except for "colon" commands which execute when you press the ruturn key. Inserting Text i Insert before cursor I Insert before line a Append after cursor A Append after line o Open a new line after current line O Open a new line before current line r Replace one character R Replace many characters CTRL-v char While inserting, ignores special meaning of char (e.g., for inserting characters like ESC and CTRL) until ESC is used :r file Reads file and inserts it after current line :nr file Reads file and inserts it after line n CTRL-i or TAB While inserting, inserts one shift width Things to do while in Insert Mode: CTRL-h or Backspace While inserting, deletes previous character CTRL-w While inserting, deletes previous word CTRL-x While inserting, deletes to start of inserted text CTRL-v Take the next character literally. (i.e. To insert a Control-H, type Control-v Control-h) Motion h Move left j Move down k Move up l Move right Arrow Keys These do work, but they may be too slow on big files. Also may have unpredictable results when arrow keys are not mapped correctly in client. w Move to next word W Move to next blank delimited word b Move to the beginning of the word B Move to the beginning of blank delimted word ^ Moves to the first non-blank character in the current line + or Moves to the first character in the next line - Moves to the first non-blank character in the previous line e Move to the end of the word E Move to the end of Blank delimited word ( Move a sentence back ) Move a sentence forward { Move a paragraph back } Move a paragraph forward [[ Move a section back ]] Move a section forward 0 or | Move to the begining of the line n| Moves to the column n in the current line $ Move to the end of the line 1G Move to the first line of the file G Move to the last line of the file nG Move to nth line of the file :n Move to nth line of the file fc Move forward to c Fc Move back to c H Move to top of screen nH Moves to nth line from the top of the screen M Move to middle of screen L Move to botton of screen nL Moves to nth line from the bottom of the screen Control-d Move forward ½ screen Control-f Move forward one full screen Control-u Move backward ½ screen Control-b Move backward one full screen CTRL-e Moves screen up one line CTRL-y Moves screen down one line CTRL-u Moves screen up ½ page CTRL-d Moves screen down ½ page CTRL-b Moves screen up one page CTRL-f Moves screen down one page CTRL-I Redraws screen z z-carriage return makes the current line the top line on the page nz Makes the line n the top line on the page z. Makes the current line the middle line on the page nz. Makes the line n the middle line on the page z- Makes the current line the bottom line on the page nz- Makes the line n the bottom line on the page % Move to associated ( ), { }, [ ] Deleting Text Almost all deletion commands are performed by typing d followed by a motion. For example, dw deletes a word. A few other deletes are: x Delete character to the right of cursor nx Deletes n characters starting with current; omitting n deletes current character only X Delete character to the left of cursor nX Deletes previous n characters; omitting n deletes previous character only D Delete to the end of the line d$ Deletes from the cursor to the end of the line dd or Delete current line ndw Deletes the next n words starting with current ndb Deletes the previous n words starting with current ndd Deletes n lines beginning with the current line :n,md Deletes lines n through m dMotion_cmd Deletes everything included in the Motion Command (e.g., dG would delete from current position to the end of the file, and d4 would delete to the end of the fourth sentence). "np Retrieves the last nth delete (last 9 deletes are kept in a buffer) "1pu.u. Scrolls through the delete buffer until the desired delete is retrieved (repeat u.) Yanking Text Like deletion, almost all yank commands are performed by typing y followed by a motion. For example, y$ yanks to the end of the line. Two other yank commands are: yy Yank the current line :y Yank the current line nyy or nY Places n lines in the buffer-copies yMotion_cmd Copies everything from the curser to the Motion Command (e.g., yG would copy from current position to the end of the file, and y4 would copy to the end of the fourth sentence) "(a-z)nyy or "(a-z)ndd Copies or cuts (deletes) n lines into a named buffer a through z; omitting n works on current line Changing text The change command is a deletion command that leaves the editor in insert mode. It is performed by typing c followed by a motion. For example cw changes a word. A few other change commands are: C Change to the end of the line cc or S Change the whole line until ESC is pressed xp Switches character at cursor with following character stext Substitutes text for the current character until ESC is used cwtext Changes current word to text until ESC is used Ctext Changes rest of the current line to text until ESC is used cMotion_cmd Changes to text from current position to Motion Command until ESC is used << or >> Shifts the line left or right (respectively) by one shift width (a tab) n<< or n>> Shifts n lines left or right (respectively) by one shift width (a tab) <Motion_cmd or >Motion_cmd Use with Motion Command to shift multiple lines left or right Putting text p Put after the position or after the line P Put before the poition or before the line "(a-z)p or "(a-z)P Pastes text from a named buffer a through z after or before the current line Buffers Named buffers may be specified before any deletion, change, yank or put command. The general prefix has the form "c where c is any lowercase character. for example, "adw deletes a word into buffer a. It may thereafter be put back into text with an appropriate "ap. Markers Named markers may be set on any line in a file. Any lower case letter may be a marker name. Markers may also be used as limits for ranges. mc Set marker c on this line `c Go to beginning of marker c line. 'c Go to first non-blank character of marker c line. Search for strings /string Search forward for string ?string Search back for string n Search for next instance of string N Search for previous instance of string % Searches to beginning of balancing ( ) [ ] or { } fc Searches forward in current line to char Fc Searches backward in current line to char tc Searches forward in current line to character before char Tchar Searches backward in current line to character before char ?str Finds in reverse for str :set ic Ignores case when searching :set noic Pays attention to case when searching :n,ms/str1/str2/opt Searches from n to m for str1; replaces str1 to str2; using opt-opt can be g for global change, c to confirm change (y to acknowledge, to suppress), and p to print changed lines & Repeats last command :g/str/cmd Runs cmd on all lines that contain str :g/str1/s/str2/str3/ Finds the line containing str1, replaces str2 with str3 :v/str/cmd Executes cmd on all lines that do not match str , Repeats, in reverse direction, last / or ? search command Replace The search and replace function is accomplished with the command. It is commonly used in combination with ranges or the :g command (below). :s/pattern/string/flags Replace pattern with string according to flags. g Flag - Replace all occurences of pattern c Flag - Confirm replaces. & Repeat last command Regular Expressions . (dot) Any single character except newline * zero or more occurances of any character [...] Any single character specified in the set [^...] Any single character not specified in the set \< Matches beginning of word \> Matches end of word ^ Anchor - beginning of the line $ Anchor - end of line \< Anchor - begining of word \> Anchor - end of word \(...\) Grouping - usually used to group conditions \n Contents of nth grouping \ Escapes the meaning of the next character (e.g., \$ allows you to search for $) \\ Escapes the \ character [...] - Set Examples [A-Z] The SET from Capital A to Capital Z [a-z] The SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [0-9] The SET from 0 to 9 (All numerals) [./=+] The SET containing . (dot), / (slash), =, and + [-A-F] The SET from Capital A to Capital F and the dash (dashes must be specified first) [0-9 A-Z] The SET containing all capital letters and digits and a space [A-Z][a-zA-Z] In the first position, the SET from Capital A to Capital Z In the second character position, the SET containing all letters [a-z]{m} Look for m occurances of the SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [a-z]{m,n} Look for at least m occurances, but no more than n occurances of the SET from lowercase a to lowercase z Regular Expression Examples /Hello/ Matches if the line contains the value Hello /^TEST$/ Matches if the line contains TEST by itself /^[a-zA-Z]/ Matches if the line starts with any letter /^[a-z].*/ Matches if the first character of the line is a-z and there is at least one more of any character following it /2134$/ Matches if line ends with 2134 /\(21|35\)/ Matches is the line contains 21 or 35 Note the use of ( ) with the pipe symbol to specify the 'or' condition /[0-9]*/ Matches if there are zero or more numbers in the line /^[^#]/ Matches if the first character is not a # in the line Notes: 1. Regular expressions are case sensitive 2. Regular expressions are to be used where pattern is specified Counts Nearly every command may be preceded by a number that specifies how many times it is to be performed. For example, 5dw will delete 5 words and 3fe will move the cursor forward to the 3rd occurence of the letter e. Even insertions may be repeated conveniently with this method, say to insert the same line 100 times. Ranges Ranges may precede most "colon" commands and cause them to be executed on a line or lines. For example :3,7d would delete lines 3-7. Ranges are commonly combined with the command to perform a replacement on several lines, as with :.,$s/pattern/string/g to make a replacement from the current line to the end of the file. :n,m Range - Lines n-m :. Range - Current line Range - Last line :'c Range - Marker c :% Range - All lines in file :g/pattern/ Range - All lines that contain pattern Shell Functions :! cmd Executes shell command cmd; you can add these special characters to indicate:% name of current file# name of last file edited !! cmd Executes shell command cmd, places output in file starting at current line :!! Executes last shell command :r! cmd Reads and inserts output from cmd :f file Renames current file to file :w !cmd Sends currently edited file to cmd as standard input and execute cmd :cd dir Changes current working directory to dir :sh Starts a sub-shell (CTRL-d returns to editor) :so file Reads and executes commands in file (file is a shell script) !Motion_cmd Sends text from current position to Motion Command to shell command cmd !}sort Sorts from current position to end of paragraph and replaces text with sorted text Files :w file Write to file :r file Read file in after line :n Go to next file Go to previous file :e file Edit file !!program Replace line with output from program VI Settings --noto Note: Options given are default. To change them, enter type :set option to turn them on or :set nooptioni to turn them off.To make them execute every time you open VI, create a file in your HOME directory called .exrc and type the options without the colon (:) preceding the option Set Default Description :set ai noai Turns on auto indentation :set all -- Prints all options to the screen :set ap aw Prints line after d c J m t u commands :set aw noaw Automatic write on :n ! e# ^^ :rew ^} :tag :set bf nobf Discards control characters from input :set dir=tmp dir = /tmp Sets tmp to directory or buffer file :set eb noed Precedes error messages with a bell :set ed noed Precedes error messages with a bell :set ht= ht = 8 Sets terminal hardware tabs :set ic noic Ignores case when searching :set lisp nolisp Modifies brackets for Lisp compatibility. :set list nolist Shows tabs (^l) and end of line ($) :set magic magic Allows pattern matching with special characters :set mesg mesg Allows others to send messages :set nooption Turns off option :set nu nonu Shows line numbers :set opt opt Speeds output; eliminates automatic RETURN :set para= para = LIlPLPPPQPbpP macro names that start paragraphs for { and } operators :set prompt prompt Prompts for command input with : :set re nore Simulates smart terminal on dumb terminal :set remap remap Accept macros within macros :set report noreport Indicates largest size of changes reported on status line :set ro noro Changes file type to "read only" :set scroll=n scroll = 11 set n lines for CTRL-d and z :set sh=shell_path sh = /bin/sh set shell escape (default is /bin/sh) to shell_path :set showmode nosm Indicates input or replace mode at bottom :set slow slow Pospone display updates during inserts :set sm nosm Show matching { or ( as ) or } is typed :set sw=n sw = 8 Sets shift width to n characters :set tags=x tags = /usr/lib/tags Path for files checked for tags (current directory included in default) :set term $TERM Prints terminal type :set terse noterse Shorten messages with terse :set timeout Eliminates one-second time limit for macros :set tl=n tl = 0 Sets significance of tags beyond n characters (0 means all) :set ts=n ts = 8 Sets tab stops to n for text input :set wa nowa Inhibits normal checks before write commands :set warn warn Warns "no write since last change" :set window=n window = n Sets number of lines in a text window to n :set wm=n wm = 0 Sets automatic wraparound n spaces from right margin. :set ws ws Sets automatic wraparound n spaces from right margin. Key Mapping NOTE: Map allows you to define strings of VI commands. If you create a file called ".exrc" in your home directory, any map or set command you place inside this file will be executed every time you run VI. To imbed control characters like ESC in the macro, you need to precede them with CTRL-v. If you need to include quotes ("), precede them with a \ (backslash). Unused keys in vi are: K V g q v * = and the function keys.Example (The actual VI commands are in blue): :map v /I CTRL-v ESC dwiYou CTRL-v ESC ESCDescription: When v is pressed, search for "I" (/I ESC), delete word (dw), and insert "You" (iYou ESC). CTRL-v allows ESC to be inserted :map key cmd_seq Defines key to run cmd_seq when pressed :map Displays all created macros on status line :unmap key Removes macro definition for key :ab str string When str is input, replaces it with string :ab Displays all abbreviations :una str Unabbreviates str Other ~ Toggle upper and lower case J Join lines nJ Joins the next n lines together; omitting n joins the beginning of the next line to the end of the current line . Repeat last text-changing command u Undo last change (Note: u in combination with . can allow multiple levels of undo in some versions) U Undo all changes to line ; Repeats last f F t or T search command :N or :E You can open up a new split-screen window in (n)vi and then use ^w to switch between the two. Return to the top Page produced by Lagmonster - Feb 2009 http://www.lagmonster.org/docs/vi2.html Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
