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IPS Community Suite 4.1.19.3 Released 05/03/2017 This is a security release and we recommend all clients upgrade as soon as possible. Key Changes Fixes a security issue related to importing profile photos from URL. Release Patches We sometimes release patches for issues that come up frequently between full releases. If you are experiencing any of the issues below on this version you can download and apply the patches using the instructions provided. An issue has been identified with PHP7.1 when using the Zend Opcache extension that may cause features on your site, such as member posting, not to work correctly. If you are experiencing problems posting, please disable the Zend Opcache PHP extension. The underlying issue is related to a third party library used by the Community Suite which has been updated in our upcoming 4.2 release, at which point the Opcache extension may be re-enabled.

CageFS is a virtualised file system which gives each user an isolated ‘cage’, similar to how VPSs work in relation to a whole dedicated server, but with a number of differences including enhanced security. There are a number of advantages to using CageFS, which include: Complete user isolation, individual filesystem, processes, resources etc. Users are prevented from seeing server files such as Apache configuration files Users can still see the /proc filesystem, but cannot see other users’ processes and have a limited view of their own. As each user is isolated, they cannot affect other users which are on the same server. For example, processes such as Apache, Cron Jobs, SSH etc. are all unique and individual for each user. So be rest assured that as a customer of ours, we do our best to ensure hacking is a thing of the past.

We like to watch movies to have some entertainment. But robbery, hacking or mystery movies appear in Hollywood movies in the last few years. Here we’ve bought 15 best hacking movies that would worth to watch. These movies are of good interest for security researchers and hackers as well to get inspired ad thrilled. Let’s drive it. 1. The Social Network The social network has created by Fight Club, directed by David Fincher and it tells the story of Mark Zuckerberg and the creation of Facebook. The Social network is a weird movie to watch if you know programmers. Literally everything Zuckerberg says in the above scene make sense, and it’s the one of the most realistic movie I’ve ever seen. 2. The Fifth Estate (2013) The Fifth Estate is an unauthorized account of Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. Cumberbatch plays a believable Assange as a egotistical, idealist that is out to change the world. Few Americans know that Assange is a famous (or infamous) hacker in his native country of Australia. He broke into the Pentagon, Citibank, NASA, and Stanford University, among other facilities, before being caught. 3. Hackers (1995) This cult classic got a lot of things right, especially the way they showed kids using technology to create their own community. In Hackers, Angelina Jolie and Jonny Lee Miller portray two youthful and hip hackers. Miller portrays a hacker who got caught as a very young child (11) after crashing thousands of computers and has been sentenced to zero computer access until his 18th birthday. 4. The Matrix (1999) This is one of the greatest science fiction movie. The movie depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called “the Matrix”, created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies’ heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. 5. Blackhat (2015) Blackhat, a recent film starring Chris Hemsworth (AKA Thor), follows a joint Chinese-American task force investigating a series of incidents of cyberterrorism. The protagonist is a former hacker who is saved from a 15-year sentence to consult on the effort. The filmmakers clearly did their research, and the result is a remarkably accurate portrayal of modern hacking and cyberterrorism. The virus which is used in the initial attack on a nuclear plant bears a striking resemblance to Stuxnet, a real virus which was used to attack Iranian centrifuges. 6. Live Free or Die Hard When franchises go on for too long, it’s often the third film where it all falls apart. Alien 3, Shrek 3, Terminator 3. The Die Hard franchise managed to hold on a little longer, getting out three decent films. Then it all got a little weird. It’s not even that Live Free or Die Hard is a bad movie – it’s just that the world was not ready for a Die Hard that included Justin Long as a main character. The villains in Live Free or Die Hard are computer hackers – which, in this movie, is pretty much the same thing as “wizard”. The hackers can hack traffic lights, the stock market, cellphones, bank accounts, military jets – and, in one memorable scene, the abstract concept of fire. Hacking, in the Die Hard universe, is basically just necromancy for electronic devices. It’s absurd, but I think this is an example that crosses the line into the genuinely enjoyable. 7. Eagle Eye (2008) In this movie, two people get a call from an unknown number by a woman. They get a task on phone that if they don’t follow the phone call they would die. This movie displays supercomputer hack on all networks and military networks. 8. Algorithm: The Hacker Movie (2014) A freelance computer hacker breaks into secret government contractor and downloads a program. He must choose between his own curiosity and the lives of his friends. 9. Nerve Industrious high school senior Vee Delmonico (Emma Roberts) is tired of living life on the sidelines. Pressured by her friends, Vee decides to join Nerve, a popular online game that challenges players to accept a series of dares. It’s not long before the adrenaline-fueled competition requires her to perform increasingly dangerous stunts. When Nerve begins to take a sinister turn, Vee finds herself in a high-stakes finale that will ultimately determine her entire future. 10. Who Am I – No System Is Safe (2014) Benjamin, a young German computer whiz, is invited to join a subversive hacker group that wants to be noticed on the world’s stage. Did you find this article something interesting. Do let us know if you want to add a movie in the list via comment box. https://techxerl.net/best-hacking-movies/

How To Add Secondary IP / Alias On Network Interface in RHEL / CentOS 7 Mattias Geniar, Sunday, August 2, 2015 - last modified: Monday, August 24, 2015 This guide will show you how to add an extra IP address to an existing interface in Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS 7. There are a few different methods than on CentOS 6, so there may be some confusion if you're trying this on a CentOS 7 system for the first time. First, determine if your network interfaces are under the control of the Network Manager. If that's the case, you'll want to keep using the Network Manager to manage your interfaces and aliases. If it's not under Network Manager control, you can happily modify your configs by hand. View your IP Addresses The "old" days of Linux used to be all about ifconfig. It would show you all interfaces and their IP aliases on the server. In CentOS/RHEL 7, that's not the case. To see all IP addresses, use the ip tool. $ ip a | grep 'inet ' inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic eth0 inet 172.28.128.3/24 brd 172.28.128.255 scope global dynamic eth1 This syntax is more inline with most routers/switches, where you can grep for inet and inet6 for your IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses. $ ip a | grep 'inet6 ' inet6 ::1/128 scope host inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe19:cd16/64 scope link inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fefd:6f54/64 scope link So remember: use ip over ifconfig. Using Network Manager Check if your interface you want to add an alias to, uses the Network Manager. $ grep 'NM_CONTROLLED' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 NM_CONTROLLED="yes" If that's a yes, you can proceed with the next configurations using the Network Manager tool. You may be used to adding a new network-scripts file in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/, but you'll find that doesn't work in RHEL / CentOS 7 as you'd expect if the Network Manager is being used. Here's what a config would look like in CentOS 6: $ cat ifcfg-ens160:0 NAME="ens160:0" ONBOOT="yes" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="10.50.10.5" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" After a network reload, the primary IP address will be removed from the server and only the IP address from the alias interface will be present. That's not good. That's the Network Manager misinterpreting your configuration files, overwriting the values from your main interface with the one from your alias. The simplest/cleanest way to add a new IP address to an existing interface in CentOS 7 is to use the nmtui tool (Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager). $ nmtui Once nmtui is open, go to the Edit a network connection and select the interface you want to add an alias on. Click Edit and tab your way through to Add to add extra IP addresses. Save the configs and the extra IP will be added. If you check the text-configs that have been created in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/, you can see how nmtui has added the alias. $ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192 ... # Alias on the interface IPADDR1="10.50.23.11" PREFIX1="32" If you want, you can modify the text file, but I find using nmtui to be much easier. Manually Configuring An Interface Alias Only use this if your interface is not controlled by Network Manager. $ grep 'NM_CONTROLLED' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 NM_CONTROLLED="no" If Network Manager isn't used, you can use the old style aliases you're used to from CentOS 5/6. $ cat ifcfg-ens160:0 NM_CONTROLLED="no" DEVICE="ens160:0" ONBOOT="yes" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="10.50.10.5" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" Bring up your alias interace and you're good to go. $ ifup ens160:0 Don't use this if Network Manager is in control. Adding a temporary IP address Want to add an IP address just for a little while? You can add one using the ip command. It only lasts until you reboot your server or restart the network service, after that -- the IP is gone from the interface. $ ip a add 10.50.100.5/24 dev eth0 Perfect for temporary IPs! https://ma.ttias.be/how-to-add-secondary-ip-alias-on-network-interface-in-rhel-centos-7/

You have probably needed to change the hostname of your CentOS 7 install for one reason or the other. Changing the hostname in CentOS 7 is now much simpler than ever. If you are ready open up your terminal and follow through this tutorial, and in less than 10 minutes you will have changed your hostname! Check Hostname To check the hostname open your terminal and type the following command: $ hostname By default the hostname is localhost.localdomain. To change this you can follow the following steps Edit /etc/hostname File The easiest way to change the hostname is to edit the /etc/hostname file. Open your terminal and with your favourite text editor delete localhost.localdomain and change to whatever name you like. $ sudo vi /etc/hostname Save changes and then confirm your hostname by using hostname command. If it has not changed then you need to restart the CentOS 7 server. Using Hostnamectl Hostnamectl is a tool that is used control the Linux system hostname. You can also use this tool to change the hostname in a few easy steps. First and foremost confirm the hostname by using hostnamectl as follows: $ hostnamectl status To change the hostname type the command: $ hostnamectl set-hostname grace It may be necessary to restart the systemd-hostnamed daemon so that as to reflect the change in Static hostname. $ sudo systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed Note: Hostnamectl recognizes three types of hostnames: pretty, static and transient. Pretty is stored in /etc/machine-info and is a human readable format while static hostname is stored in /etc/hostname. Transient hostname is more of a temporary hostname which may take up the static hostname when network connectivity is lost. Using Nmtui To change the hostname you can also use the NetworkManager text interface tool (nmtui). This is also another very easy method and fairly straight forward. From the command line invoke nmtui: $ sudo nmtui This will present to you a text user interface like this. Using the arrow keys select Set system hostname and use tab to select OK. Edit the hostname which by default is localhost.localdomain and change it to whatever you prefer. After changing the hostname, choose okay, then the following confirmation message will appear. If the hostname is as you desire you can choose OK. You can confirm changes using the hostname command. Using Nmcli Nmcli is a command line tool for controlling the NetworkManager and can also be used to change the hostname. To check the hostname with nmcli, type in your terminal: $ nmcli general hostname This will print out the hostname to your terminal. By default in CentOS 7 it should be localhost.localdomain. To change this use the command: $ nmcli general hostname grace This will request for your password via a GUI interface. If you are running this command remotely remember to use root or sudo: $ sudo nmcli general hostname grace You can then check the hostname with the command hostname or nmcli general hostname. Conclusion See how easy it was? CentOS 7 is now much easier to administer compared to the previous releases. http://linoxide.com/linux-command/change-hostname-in-rhel-centos-7/

Courtesy of wikipedia + cheatography Download PDF here or you can always count on this alternative short cheat sheet !

PHP is one of the most popular programming languages around the world, and the recent PHP 7 release made this server-side programming language better and more stable than ever. PHP is widely used in major projects. Facebook, for example, utilizes PHP for maintaining and creating their internal systems. WordPress uses PHP to power its internals, which in return is powering more than 26% of the web. Currently, PHP powers more than 82% of websites (whose server-side programming languages the Web Technology Surveys site is able to track). In this article, we'll look at three of the most popular PHP frameworks: Symfony, Laravel, and Yii. We'll examine how they compare to help you decide which one might be the best fit for your needs. Why pick a PHP framework? What's the point of using a framework instead of raw PHP to develop your application? A few benefits of using a framework include: A PHP framework makes development faster. For example, you don't have to write complex queries to retrieve the data from the database. PHP frameworks provide CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, and Delete). Frameworks enable developers to scale systems easily. Code maintenance is easier than with a vanilla PHP application. The application code is concise and easy to work with. The MVC model ensures rapid development. Frameworks are better in securing the web application from common security threats. The don't repeat yourself (DRY) principle ensures that minimal code has maximum impact. The above benefits are too significant to be ignored. Even though raw PHP can be used to create any application, the current development standards require tools and time-management skills to meet the market demand. How to choose a PHP framework Answering a few questions can help you choose a framework: What are the features and functionality of the framework? (Does it offer what I need?) What is the learning curve of the framework? How scalable is the framework? Is the framework actively developed and maintained by the core team? Does the framework provide long-term support (LTS support) ? Does the framework have a strong community support? Symfony, Laravel, and Yii Before diving into technical specifics, here's an overview of the contenders: Symfony Symfony is a set of reusable PHP components, enabling the developer to create scalable, high-performance applications. With 30 components from which to choose, the developer has the complete freedom to experiment and work in a RAD environment. Symfony APIs also enable easy integration with third-party applications, and it can be used with popular front-end frameworks, such as AngularJS. Many popular projects, including Drupal and phpBB, also use a Symfony framework. In fact, Laravel, the most popular PHP framework, is build off of Symfony. Laravel Laravel, which is known as the "PHP framework for Web Artisans," offers an excellent community and wins as the most popular framework. (One of the leading Laravel developers on Livecoding.tv is Sfiskell.) In May 2015 Laravel announced that version 5.1 will offer long-term support for two years. Version 5.2 rolled out in December 2015. Many hosting companies provide Laravel support and offer hosting solutions for Laravel applications. Check out the Built with Laravel site to see great example projects. Yii Created by Qiang Xue in 2008, Yii is a secure, fast, high-performance application/web-development framework. Yii utilizes the Composer dependency manager for PHP for handling different dependencies and installations (more on it later). Yii also is the fastest PHP framework, thanks to the lazy loading technique. Another great feature of Yii is jQuery integration. The integration enables front-end developers to embrace the framework quickly, and it uses scaffolding to generate code. Similar to Symfony, Yii also utilizes components to enable rapid application development. How they compare All three frameworks are great for building Web 2.0 applications, but each framework serves a different purpose. Let's look at their features and how they stack up. Templating engines Templating engines minimize developer effort and provides better functionality in writing front-end code. Templating engines provide features such as automatic HTML escaping and filters, and fill the gap left by raw PHP. Symfony Twig template system Twig is a modern templating system for PHP. Symfony utilizes Twig to its advantage and enables developers to write clean, concise code and the ability to do more than with raw PHP. For example, it takes the following verbose code to write escaping: <?php echo $var ?> <?php echo htmlspecialchars($var, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?> Twig does the same with the following code: {{ var }} {{ var|escape }} {{ var|e }} {# shortcut to escape a variable #} See the Twig site to learn more about its features. Laravel Blade templating system Unlike other templating systems, Blade lets you use PHP code in the views. Also, Blade has zero overhead to application performance because the blade view files are stored in .blade.php extension. All the code in the view files is converted into raw PHP during processing. Yii Default templating system Yii doesn't utilize any third party templating system by default, but that doesn't mean it lacks templating system support. The choice of the templating system depends on the development team. Twig and Smarty are recommended. Symfony uses Twig, so if you have used Symfony in past, you might want to utilize Twig for your next Yii project. There is no clear winner here. All three frameworks use templating engines for better front-end coding and maintenance. A small advantage to Yii is that the framework does not have a pre-defined templating system. Framework differences Every framework is created differently. Symfony works on reusable components and provides the best modularity. Symfony also utilizes the model and controller for developing a web application, which may look rusty for many new developers, but it works. Also, Symfony is a good example of the modular framework. You can use the 30 components provided by Symfony in your project in a modular fashion. Yii uses an MVC framework. (Symfony does provide support for MVC, which is discussed in more detail in Is Symfony2 a MVC framework on the blog.sznapka.pl site.) Symfony can be used for rapid development and complex projects. Even though there is a debate on which framework is better for complex projects, Symfony does showcase brilliant complexity handling compared to other frameworks. Yii also utilizes components, but is not as modular as Symfony. Laravel doesn't provide a modular approach as sharp as the other two frameworks. If you are looking for a modular framework, go for Symfony. Otherwise, Laravel and Yii are both great choices. Installation The three frameworks provide multiple installation procedures. If you are using Composer for handling packages, you will be happy to know that all the frameworks can be installed via Composer. For Symfony, the role of the Composer is more crucial. The idea of component handling is best done by using the Composer PHP dependency manager. There are other ways of installing the respective frameworks. For example, you can install the frameworks using simple archive method. After installation, Yii provides you with a web app and a basic template to work on. Symfony 2 also provides a demo app to get started. Laravel is also easy to install using Composer create-project or via Laravel Installer. Check out the Laravel installation guide for details. Rapid development From the perspective of the company or the client, quickly getting the application to the market to meet consumer demand and beat competitors is important. Symfony stands out for being a robust framework with a strong community standing behind it. Laravel is growing rapidly, but still has a way to go before being considered the de facto choice for PHP development. On the other hand, if you have no knowledge of any PHP frameworks and want to get started as quickly as possible, consider Laravel. Laravel has an easy learning curve, and you'll find lots of tutorials online to help get you started. Yii takes performance to the next level, and provides code scaffolding for faster code generation and development. Performance The performance of any application only matters if it is a real-time application using critical data. How many web-based applications depend on high performance? Not many, but the performance of frameworks can play a crucial role in many projects. Social networks are prime example of real-time events and one of our star streamers, jadson, built a mobile social network using Yii2. When it comes to choosing the best framework for coding a high-performance application, Yii stands out as the fastest PHP framework in our lot. Laravel performance is highly debatable. It is slowest, but does that matter? You'll find online resources for speeding up performance, including a guide on GitHub for making your Laravel application faster. Database support Symfony 2 offers better database support. You can work with an array of databases, including NoSQL and DynamoDB. Yii and Laravel are also useful in this regard, but they support fewer databases than Symfony. The database supported by each framework is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Framework Laravel Yii Symfony 2 Database Microsoft BI MongoDB MySQL PostgreSQL Redis SQLite Microsoft BI MongoDB MySQL Oracle PostgreSQL SQLite Apache Jackrabbit CouchDB DynamoDB GemFire GraphDB MemBase MemCacheDB Microsoft BI MongoDB MySQL NoSQL Oracle PostgreSQL Community and resources A big predictor for an open source framework's longevity is the strength of its community. All the three frameworks have solid communities, although Symfony's might be a bit more mature. Communities evolve, so predicting the dynamics of the communities in the future is challenging. When it comes to learning material and documentation, Laravel stands out, although Symfony and Yii aren't lagging far behind: Laravel documentation Symfony documentation (3.0) Yii documentation Extendability Frameworks are structures that can be extended with extensions or packages, improving their functionality and scope. When it comes to extensions, Laravel is the winner. Packalyst, a directory of Laravel packages, offers more than 9,000 packages. Yii and Symfony, on the other hand, offer around 2800 extensions and 2830 bundles, respectively. With three times the number of extensions, Laravel seems to be the best framework in this regard. Similarities We have looked at the differences between the frameworks. Now let's look at their similarities: All three frameworks are full-stack PHP frameworks and offer the functionalities for creating web application, from front-end code writing to back-end data retrieval. The projects are open source and their source code can be found on GitHub, making it easy for anyone to contribute: Symfony Laravel Yii The frameworks are well documented and supported by a large communities. They each support ORM (Object Relationship Mapping). ORM is highly favored for writing OO code for your application. They are robust, secure, and reliable for creating Web 2.0 applications. Still stuck? Maybe these checklists will help you narrow down an option: Symfony: offers an LTS release, comes with loads of features, is currently the most stable framework, is a component-based framework and offers extensive modularity, and has a great community with lots of learning resources. Yii: comes with Ajax support, is great for developing real-time applications as it offers faster operations, is highly extensible. error handling is spot on, is good for creating Restful Web Services, and has a great community with lots of learning resources. Laravel: is the most popular framework in 2015-2016, supports Composer for package management, does unit testing well, offers tons of packages for extending framework functionality, and has a great community with lots of learning resources. Conclusion In the battle of Symfony vs. Laravel vs. Yii, all three PHP frameworks are excellent options that provide a full-stack development environment for developers. For me, Laravel is a winner that is emerging as a star with no sign of stopping. Still, Symfony and Yii are both excellent frameworks. Symfony is well-established and with a bigger, more mature community. Yii is a unique framework that is robust, secure, and gets the job done. To see the frameworks in action, check out what developers are using them for on Livecoding.tv, which has channels for Symfony, Yii, and Laravel. The developers are also available on chat or Skype during streaming sessions. Follow the developers, ask them your questions, and get answers in real-time. https://opensource.com/business/16/6/which-php-framework-right-you

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Advanced Vi Cheat Sheet Starting/Ending Status Modes Inserting Text Motion Deleting Text Yanking Changing Text Putting Text Buffers Markers Searching Replacing Text Regular Expressions Counts Ranges Shell Functions Files VI Settings Key Mapping Other Click here for the Basic VI Cheatsheet General Notes: 1. Before doing anything to a document, type the following command followed by a carriage return: :set showmode 2. VI is CaSe SEnsItiVe!!! So make sure Caps Lock is OFF. Starting and Ending VI Starting VI vi filename Edits filename vi -r filename Edits last save version of filename after a crash vi + n filename Edits filename and places curser at line n vi + filename Edits filename and places curser on last line vi +/string filename Edits filename and places curser on first occurance of string vi filename file2 ... Edits filename, then edits file2 ... After the save, use :n Ending VI ZZ or :wq or Saves and exits VI :w Saves current file but doesn't exit :w! Saves current file overriding normal checks but doesn't exit :w file Saves current as file but doesn't exit :w! file Saves to file overriding normal checks but doesn't exit :n,mw file Saves lines n through m to file :n,mw >>file Saves lines n through m to the end of file :q Quits VI and may prompt if you need to save :q! Quits VI and without saving :e! Edits file discarding any unsaved changes (starts over) :we! Saves and continues to edit current file Status :.= Shows current line number := Shows number of lines in file Control-G Shows filename, current line number, total lines in file, and % of file location l Displays tab (^l) backslash (\) backspace (^H) newline ($) bell (^G) formfeed (^L^) of current line Modes Vi has two modes insertion mode and command mode. The editor begins in command mode, where the cursor movement and text deletion and pasting occur. Insertion mode begins upon entering an insertion or change command. [ESC] returns the editor to command mode (where you can quit, for example by typing :q!). Most commands execute as soon as you type them except for "colon" commands which execute when you press the ruturn key. Inserting Text i Insert before cursor I Insert before line a Append after cursor A Append after line o Open a new line after current line O Open a new line before current line r Replace one character R Replace many characters CTRL-v char While inserting, ignores special meaning of char (e.g., for inserting characters like ESC and CTRL) until ESC is used :r file Reads file and inserts it after current line :nr file Reads file and inserts it after line n CTRL-i or TAB While inserting, inserts one shift width Things to do while in Insert Mode: CTRL-h or Backspace While inserting, deletes previous character CTRL-w While inserting, deletes previous word CTRL-x While inserting, deletes to start of inserted text CTRL-v Take the next character literally. (i.e. To insert a Control-H, type Control-v Control-h) Motion h Move left j Move down k Move up l Move right Arrow Keys These do work, but they may be too slow on big files. Also may have unpredictable results when arrow keys are not mapped correctly in client. w Move to next word W Move to next blank delimited word b Move to the beginning of the word B Move to the beginning of blank delimted word ^ Moves to the first non-blank character in the current line + or Moves to the first character in the next line - Moves to the first non-blank character in the previous line e Move to the end of the word E Move to the end of Blank delimited word ( Move a sentence back ) Move a sentence forward { Move a paragraph back } Move a paragraph forward [[ Move a section back ]] Move a section forward 0 or | Move to the begining of the line n| Moves to the column n in the current line $ Move to the end of the line 1G Move to the first line of the file G Move to the last line of the file nG Move to nth line of the file :n Move to nth line of the file fc Move forward to c Fc Move back to c H Move to top of screen nH Moves to nth line from the top of the screen M Move to middle of screen L Move to botton of screen nL Moves to nth line from the bottom of the screen Control-d Move forward ½ screen Control-f Move forward one full screen Control-u Move backward ½ screen Control-b Move backward one full screen CTRL-e Moves screen up one line CTRL-y Moves screen down one line CTRL-u Moves screen up ½ page CTRL-d Moves screen down ½ page CTRL-b Moves screen up one page CTRL-f Moves screen down one page CTRL-I Redraws screen z z-carriage return makes the current line the top line on the page nz Makes the line n the top line on the page z. Makes the current line the middle line on the page nz. Makes the line n the middle line on the page z- Makes the current line the bottom line on the page nz- Makes the line n the bottom line on the page % Move to associated ( ), { }, [ ] Deleting Text Almost all deletion commands are performed by typing d followed by a motion. For example, dw deletes a word. A few other deletes are: x Delete character to the right of cursor nx Deletes n characters starting with current; omitting n deletes current character only X Delete character to the left of cursor nX Deletes previous n characters; omitting n deletes previous character only D Delete to the end of the line d$ Deletes from the cursor to the end of the line dd or Delete current line ndw Deletes the next n words starting with current ndb Deletes the previous n words starting with current ndd Deletes n lines beginning with the current line :n,md Deletes lines n through m dMotion_cmd Deletes everything included in the Motion Command (e.g., dG would delete from current position to the end of the file, and d4 would delete to the end of the fourth sentence). "np Retrieves the last nth delete (last 9 deletes are kept in a buffer) "1pu.u. Scrolls through the delete buffer until the desired delete is retrieved (repeat u.) Yanking Text Like deletion, almost all yank commands are performed by typing y followed by a motion. For example, y$ yanks to the end of the line. Two other yank commands are: yy Yank the current line :y Yank the current line nyy or nY Places n lines in the buffer-copies yMotion_cmd Copies everything from the curser to the Motion Command (e.g., yG would copy from current position to the end of the file, and y4 would copy to the end of the fourth sentence) "(a-z)nyy or "(a-z)ndd Copies or cuts (deletes) n lines into a named buffer a through z; omitting n works on current line Changing text The change command is a deletion command that leaves the editor in insert mode. It is performed by typing c followed by a motion. For example cw changes a word. A few other change commands are: C Change to the end of the line cc or S Change the whole line until ESC is pressed xp Switches character at cursor with following character stext Substitutes text for the current character until ESC is used cwtext Changes current word to text until ESC is used Ctext Changes rest of the current line to text until ESC is used cMotion_cmd Changes to text from current position to Motion Command until ESC is used << or >> Shifts the line left or right (respectively) by one shift width (a tab) n<< or n>> Shifts n lines left or right (respectively) by one shift width (a tab) <Motion_cmd or >Motion_cmd Use with Motion Command to shift multiple lines left or right Putting text p Put after the position or after the line P Put before the poition or before the line "(a-z)p or "(a-z)P Pastes text from a named buffer a through z after or before the current line Buffers Named buffers may be specified before any deletion, change, yank or put command. The general prefix has the form "c where c is any lowercase character. for example, "adw deletes a word into buffer a. It may thereafter be put back into text with an appropriate "ap. Markers Named markers may be set on any line in a file. Any lower case letter may be a marker name. Markers may also be used as limits for ranges. mc Set marker c on this line `c Go to beginning of marker c line. 'c Go to first non-blank character of marker c line. Search for strings /string Search forward for string ?string Search back for string n Search for next instance of string N Search for previous instance of string % Searches to beginning of balancing ( ) [ ] or { } fc Searches forward in current line to char Fc Searches backward in current line to char tc Searches forward in current line to character before char Tchar Searches backward in current line to character before char ?str Finds in reverse for str :set ic Ignores case when searching :set noic Pays attention to case when searching :n,ms/str1/str2/opt Searches from n to m for str1; replaces str1 to str2; using opt-opt can be g for global change, c to confirm change (y to acknowledge, to suppress), and p to print changed lines & Repeats last command :g/str/cmd Runs cmd on all lines that contain str :g/str1/s/str2/str3/ Finds the line containing str1, replaces str2 with str3 :v/str/cmd Executes cmd on all lines that do not match str , Repeats, in reverse direction, last / or ? search command Replace The search and replace function is accomplished with the command. It is commonly used in combination with ranges or the :g command (below). :s/pattern/string/flags Replace pattern with string according to flags. g Flag - Replace all occurences of pattern c Flag - Confirm replaces. & Repeat last command Regular Expressions . (dot) Any single character except newline * zero or more occurances of any character [...] Any single character specified in the set [^...] Any single character not specified in the set \< Matches beginning of word \> Matches end of word ^ Anchor - beginning of the line $ Anchor - end of line \< Anchor - begining of word \> Anchor - end of word \(...\) Grouping - usually used to group conditions \n Contents of nth grouping \ Escapes the meaning of the next character (e.g., \$ allows you to search for $) \\ Escapes the \ character [...] - Set Examples [A-Z] The SET from Capital A to Capital Z [a-z] The SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [0-9] The SET from 0 to 9 (All numerals) [./=+] The SET containing . (dot), / (slash), =, and + [-A-F] The SET from Capital A to Capital F and the dash (dashes must be specified first) [0-9 A-Z] The SET containing all capital letters and digits and a space [A-Z][a-zA-Z] In the first position, the SET from Capital A to Capital Z In the second character position, the SET containing all letters [a-z]{m} Look for m occurances of the SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [a-z]{m,n} Look for at least m occurances, but no more than n occurances of the SET from lowercase a to lowercase z Regular Expression Examples /Hello/ Matches if the line contains the value Hello /^TEST$/ Matches if the line contains TEST by itself /^[a-zA-Z]/ Matches if the line starts with any letter /^[a-z].*/ Matches if the first character of the line is a-z and there is at least one more of any character following it /2134$/ Matches if line ends with 2134 /\(21|35\)/ Matches is the line contains 21 or 35 Note the use of ( ) with the pipe symbol to specify the 'or' condition /[0-9]*/ Matches if there are zero or more numbers in the line /^[^#]/ Matches if the first character is not a # in the line Notes: 1. Regular expressions are case sensitive 2. Regular expressions are to be used where pattern is specified Counts Nearly every command may be preceded by a number that specifies how many times it is to be performed. For example, 5dw will delete 5 words and 3fe will move the cursor forward to the 3rd occurence of the letter e. Even insertions may be repeated conveniently with this method, say to insert the same line 100 times. Ranges Ranges may precede most "colon" commands and cause them to be executed on a line or lines. For example :3,7d would delete lines 3-7. Ranges are commonly combined with the command to perform a replacement on several lines, as with :.,$s/pattern/string/g to make a replacement from the current line to the end of the file. :n,m Range - Lines n-m :. Range - Current line Range - Last line :'c Range - Marker c :% Range - All lines in file :g/pattern/ Range - All lines that contain pattern Shell Functions :! cmd Executes shell command cmd; you can add these special characters to indicate:% name of current file# name of last file edited !! cmd Executes shell command cmd, places output in file starting at current line :!! Executes last shell command :r! cmd Reads and inserts output from cmd :f file Renames current file to file :w !cmd Sends currently edited file to cmd as standard input and execute cmd :cd dir Changes current working directory to dir :sh Starts a sub-shell (CTRL-d returns to editor) :so file Reads and executes commands in file (file is a shell script) !Motion_cmd Sends text from current position to Motion Command to shell command cmd !}sort Sorts from current position to end of paragraph and replaces text with sorted text Files :w file Write to file :r file Read file in after line :n Go to next file Go to previous file :e file Edit file !!program Replace line with output from program VI Settings --noto Note: Options given are default. To change them, enter type :set option to turn them on or :set nooptioni to turn them off.To make them execute every time you open VI, create a file in your HOME directory called .exrc and type the options without the colon (:) preceding the option Set Default Description :set ai noai Turns on auto indentation :set all -- Prints all options to the screen :set ap aw Prints line after d c J m t u commands :set aw noaw Automatic write on :n ! e# ^^ :rew ^} :tag :set bf nobf Discards control characters from input :set dir=tmp dir = /tmp Sets tmp to directory or buffer file :set eb noed Precedes error messages with a bell :set ed noed Precedes error messages with a bell :set ht= ht = 8 Sets terminal hardware tabs :set ic noic Ignores case when searching :set lisp nolisp Modifies brackets for Lisp compatibility. :set list nolist Shows tabs (^l) and end of line ($) :set magic magic Allows pattern matching with special characters :set mesg mesg Allows others to send messages :set nooption Turns off option :set nu nonu Shows line numbers :set opt opt Speeds output; eliminates automatic RETURN :set para= para = LIlPLPPPQPbpP macro names that start paragraphs for { and } operators :set prompt prompt Prompts for command input with : :set re nore Simulates smart terminal on dumb terminal :set remap remap Accept macros within macros :set report noreport Indicates largest size of changes reported on status line :set ro noro Changes file type to "read only" :set scroll=n scroll = 11 set n lines for CTRL-d and z :set sh=shell_path sh = /bin/sh set shell escape (default is /bin/sh) to shell_path :set showmode nosm Indicates input or replace mode at bottom :set slow slow Pospone display updates during inserts :set sm nosm Show matching { or ( as ) or } is typed :set sw=n sw = 8 Sets shift width to n characters :set tags=x tags = /usr/lib/tags Path for files checked for tags (current directory included in default) :set term $TERM Prints terminal type :set terse noterse Shorten messages with terse :set timeout Eliminates one-second time limit for macros :set tl=n tl = 0 Sets significance of tags beyond n characters (0 means all) :set ts=n ts = 8 Sets tab stops to n for text input :set wa nowa Inhibits normal checks before write commands :set warn warn Warns "no write since last change" :set window=n window = n Sets number of lines in a text window to n :set wm=n wm = 0 Sets automatic wraparound n spaces from right margin. :set ws ws Sets automatic wraparound n spaces from right margin. Key Mapping NOTE: Map allows you to define strings of VI commands. If you create a file called ".exrc" in your home directory, any map or set command you place inside this file will be executed every time you run VI. To imbed control characters like ESC in the macro, you need to precede them with CTRL-v. If you need to include quotes ("), precede them with a \ (backslash). Unused keys in vi are: K V g q v * = and the function keys. Example (The actual VI commands are in blue): :map v /I CTRL-v ESC dwiYou CTRL-v ESC ESC Description: When v is pressed, search for "I" (/I ESC), delete word (dw), and insert "You" (iYou ESC). CTRL-v allows ESC to be inserted :map key cmd_seq Defines key to run cmd_seq when pressed :map Displays all created macros on status line :unmap key Removes macro definition for key :ab str string When str is input, replaces it with string :ab Displays all abbreviations :una str Unabbreviates str Other ~ Toggle upper and lower case J Join lines nJ Joins the next n lines together; omitting n joins the beginning of the next line to the end of the current line . Repeat last text-changing command u Undo last change (Note: u in combination with . can allow multiple levels of undo in some versions) U Undo all changes to line ; Repeats last f F t or T search command :N or :E You can open up a new split-screen window in (n)vi and then use ^w to switch between the two. Return to the top Page produced by Lagmonster - Feb 2009 http://www.lagmonster.org/docs/vi2.html

Vi Cheat Sheet Modes Quitting Inserting Text Motion Deleting Text Yanking Changing Text Putting Text Buffers Markers Searching Replacing Text Regular Expressions Counts Ranges Files Other Click here for the Advanced VI Cheatsheet Modes Vi has two modes insertion mode and command mode. The editor begins in command mode, where the cursor movement and text deletion and pasting occur. Insertion mode begins upon entering an insertion or change command. [ESC] returns the editor to command mode (where you can quit, for example by typing :q!). Most commands execute as soon as you type them except for "colon" commands which execute when you press the ruturn key. Quitting Exit, saving changes :q Exit as long as there have been no changes ZZ Exit and save changes if any have been made :q! Exit and ignore any changes Inserting Text i Insert before cursor I Insert before line a Append after cursor A Append after line o Open a new line after current line O Open a new line before current line r Replace one character R Replace many characters Motion h Move left j Move down k Move up l Move right w Move to next word W Move to next blank delimited word b Move to the beginning of the word B Move to the beginning of blank delimted word e Move to the end of the word E Move to the end of Blank delimited word ( Move a sentence back ) Move a sentence forward { Move a paragraph back } Move a paragraph forward 0 Move to the begining of the line $ Move to the end of the line 1G Move to the first line of the file G Move to the last line of the file nG Move to nth line of the file :n Move to nth line of the file fc Move forward to c Fc Move back to c H Move to top of screen M Move to middle of screen L Move to botton of screen % Move to associated ( ), { }, [ ] Deleting Text Almost all deletion commands are performed by typing d followed by a motion. For example, dw deletes a word. A few other deletes are: x Delete character to the right of cursor X Delete character to the left of cursor D Delete to the end of the line dd Delete current line Delete current line Yanking Text Like deletion, almost all yank commands are performed by typing y followed by a motion. For example, y$ yanks to the end of the line. Two other yank commands are: yy Yank the current line :y Yank the current line Changing text The change command is a deletion command that leaves the editor in insert mode. It is performed by typing c followed by a motion. For wxample cw changes a word. A few other change commands are: C Change to the end of the line cc Change the whole line Putting text p Put after the position or after the line P Put before the poition or before the line Buffers Named buffers may be specified before any deletion, change, yank or put command. The general prefix has the form "c where c is any lowercase character. for example, "adw deletes a word into buffer a. It may thereafter be put back into text with an appropriate "ap. Markers Named markers may be set on any line in a file. Any lower case letter may be a marker name. Markers may also be used as limits for ranges. mc Set marker c on this line `c Go to beginning of marker c line. 'c Go to first non-blank character of marker c line. Search for strings /string Search forward for string ?string Search back for string n Search for next instance of string N Search for previous instance of string Replace The search and replace function is accomplished with the command. It is commonly used in combination with ranges or the :g command (below). :s/pattern/string/flags Replace pattern with string according to flags. g Flag - Replace all occurences of pattern c Flag - Confirm replaces. & Repeat last command Regular Expressions . (dot) Any single character except newline * zero or more occurances of any character [...] Any single character specified in the set [^...] Any single character not specified in the set ^ Anchor - beginning of the line $ Anchor - end of line \< Anchor - begining of word \> Anchor - end of word \(...\) Grouping - usually used to group conditions \n Contents of nth grouping [...] - Set Examples [A-Z] The SET from Capital A to Capital Z [a-z] The SET from lowercase a to lowercase z [0-9] The SET from 0 to 9 (All numerals) [./=+] The SET containing . (dot), / (slash), =, and + [-A-F] The SET from Capital A to Capital F and the dash (dashes must be specified first) [0-9 A-Z] The SET containing all capital letters and digits and a space [A-Z][a-zA-Z] In the first position, the SET from Capital A to Capital Z In the second character position, the SET containing all letters Regular Expression Examples /Hello/ Matches if the line contains the value Hello /^TEST$/ Matches if the line contains TEST by itself /^[a-zA-Z]/ Matches if the line starts with any letter /^[a-z].*/ Matches if the first character of the line is a-z and there is at least one more of any character following it /2134$/ Matches if line ends with 2134 /\(21|35\)/ Matches is the line contains 21 or 35 Note the use of ( ) with the pipe symbol to specify the 'or' condition /[0-9]*/ Matches if there are zero or more numbers in the line /^[^#]/ Matches if the first character is not a # in the line Notes: 1. Regular expressions are case sensitive 2. Regular expressions are to be used where pattern is specified Counts Nearly every command may be preceded by a number that specifies how many times it is to be performed. For example, 5dw will delete 5 words and 3fe will move the cursor forward to the 3rd occurence of the letter e. Even insertions may be repeated conveniently with thismethod, say to insert the same line 100 times. Ranges Ranges may precede most "colon" commands and cause them to be executed on a line or lines. For example :3,7d would delete lines 3-7. Ranges are commonly combined with the command to perform a replacement on several lines, as with :.,$s/pattern/string/g to make a replacement from the current line to the end of the file. :n,m Range - Lines n-m :. Range - Current line Range - Last line :'c Range - Marker c :% Range - All lines in file :g/pattern/ Range - All lines that contain pattern Files :w file Write to file :r file Read file in after line :n Go to next file Go to previos file :e file Edit file !!program Replace line with output from program Other ~ Toggle upp and lower case J Join lines . Repeat last text-changing command u Undo last change U Undo all changes to line Return to the top Page produced by Lagmonster - Oct 2000 http://www.lagmonster.org/docs/vi.html

CSR Decoder Use this CSR Decoder to decode your Certificate Signing Request and and verify that it contains the correct information. A Certificate Signing Request is a block of encoded text that contains information about the company that an SSL certificate will be issued to and the SSL public key. Once a CSR is created it is difficult to verify what information is contained in it because it is encoded. Since certificate authorities use the information in CSRs to create the certificate, you need to decode CSRs to make sure the information is accurate. To check CSRs and view the information inside of them, simply paste your CSR into the box below and the AJAX CSR Decoder will do the rest. Your CSR should start with "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- " and end with "-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- ". If you are interested, you can also learn more about Certificate Signing Requests. Once you have your CSR, use our SSL Wizard to find the best SSL provider. If you want to check CSRs on your own computer, run this OpenSSL command: openssl req -in mycsr.csr -noout -text https://www.sslshopper.com/csr-decoder.html

IPS Community Suite 4.1.19.2 Released 04/11/2017 Key Changes This is a maintenance release to fix minor issues. As we prepare our 4.2 release we will continue to provide small maintenance updates to 4.1.

είπα να δοκιμάσω κατι καινούργιο φέτος το αποτέλεσμα δείχνει αρκετά καλό !

http2 explained http2 explained describes the protocol HTTP/2 at a technical and protocol level. Background, the protocol, the implementations and the future. Written by Daniel Stenberg. This is a "living document" in the sense that I keep posting updates, and I care about and value feedback, questions and comments I get about it. This document improves over time thanks to a joint effort. Full credits to all helpers at the end of the document. This document has been downloaded more than 200,000 times and has been given praise widely. Give it a shot! It is provided free of charge under a Creative Commons license. It is available in several different formats for your convenience, including epub, PDF and a plain web version. Translations All the translations are offered if you click the image on the right: Chinese by Calvin Zhang and Simon Xia English by Daniel Stenberg (original version) French by Olivier Cahagne Japanese by Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa Portuguese by Bruno Lellis and Filipe Boleto Russian by Vladimir Lettiev Spanish by Javier Infante Swedish by Daniel Stenberg All translations are of course also subject to bug fixes and improvements! Help out! Comment on, add sections, fix typos or correct errors in this document! Submit an issue or a pull-request, or just email daniel-http2@haxx.se. Source The full document is available on github. Network capture samples h2-14-plain-nghttp2.pcapng is a Wireshark capture of curl talking http2 draft-14 in plain text with nghttp2.org. h2-akamai.zip is a 949KB zip with a bundled SSL key. It is a full stream showing Firefox downloading around 380 different images from the Akamai HTTP/2 demo, thus over HTTPS. Get Wireshark 2.0 to dissect HTTP/2 frames. If you have more and better sample stream captures, please send them my way! This page was updated May 4, 2016. https://daniel.haxx.se/http2/

https://github.com/http2/http2-spec/wiki/Tools

Telegram Desktop reaches version 1.0 – and it's BEAUTIFUL Telegram was available for desktops and laptops since 2013. Today it finally graduates to version 1.0 with a fabulous new design. Consistent material design, great animations, and support for custom themes make Telegram for Windows, Mac, and Linux the tool for messaging from your Mac or PC. This is what Telegram Desktop 1.0 looks like: Login Screen Your Chats Smooth animations are now everywhere: Custom Themes If you're looking for an alternative design, Telegram Desktop also supports customized themes. Anyone can make a theme for Telegram Desktop. This theme, for example, changes green outgoing messages to blue: Blue theme And here’s a third-party night mode theme: Dark theme What Else Makes Telegram Desktop Cool? The best thing about Telegram Desktop is that it automatically syncs messages from your phone with your computer using Telegram’s encrypted cloud. Just install it and log in to your account! All your messages, documents, photos and videos will be synced for you from the secure cloud. Thanks to Cloud Drafts, you can even start typing on your phone, then continue on your desktop when you reach home or work. Who needs email now? Telegram Desktop is many times faster and handles attachments like a pro. Just share your t.me/username with those who want to reach you. January 11, 2017 The Telegram Team P.S. For desktop experiences, we also have Telegram Web and Telegram Mac, but our founder insists that Telegram Desktop is the way to go on all platforms. P.P.S. If you're looking for an easy way to get your emails right in Telegram, check out this Gmail bot. Helps one to stay in touch with those who insist on using antique methods of communication. https://telegram.org/blog/desktop-1-0

Πρωταπριλιά σήμερα και όπως κάθε χρόνο, έτσι και φέτος σχεδόν όλες οι εταιρείες που μας απασχολούν με τεχνολογικές (και μη) ειδήσεις έχουν αφιερώσει λίγο από τον πολύτιμο χρόνο τους για κάνουν τον σχετικό χαβαλέ. Μία από τις πιο ενδιαφέρουσες φάρσες είναι η προσθήκη του Ms. Pac-Man στην υπηρεσία Google Maps. Με μια επίσκεψη στο maps.google.com θα δείτε κάτω αριστερά το σχετικό εικονίδιο με την γνώριμη (τουλάχιστον για τους παλαιότερους) φράση “insert coin”. Πατώντας εκεί, θα σας ανοίξει ένας τυχαίος πραγματικός χάρτης και θα δείτε τη γνώριμη κίτρινη μπαλίτσα και τα 4 φαντασματάκια σε ένα πλήρως λειτουργικό παιχνίδι. http://www.techgear.gr/google-maps-ms-pac-man-119850/

Κάθε χρόνο έχουμε συνηθίσει οι μεγάλες εταιρείες τεχνολογίας να εκμεταλλεύονται τη μέρα της Πρωταπριλιάς με "φάρσες" που συζητιούνται πολύ. Ειδικά η Google είναι πρωτοπόρα σε αυτό και φέτος επανέρχεται, αρχικά με... Pac-Man στο Google Maps. Καθώς η 1η Απριλίου έχει ξεκινήσει να έρχεται σε περιοχές του πλανήτη, τώρα ανοίγοντας το Google Maps App από το PC ή το smartphone μας, μπορούμε να παίξουμε... Pac-Man! Ωστόσο, κάποιοι θυμούνται ότι κάτι παρόμοιο είχαμε κάνει και την Πρωταπριλιά του 2015 στο Maps και ζητούν κάτι πιο πρωτότυπο από την εταιρεία. Σίγουρα θα δούμε κι άλλες φάρσες τις επόμενες ώρες όμως (από Google και όχι μόνο), οπότε απλά προετοιμαστείτε... https://www.digitallife.gr/paikste-pac-man-sto-google-maps-98312

Usually, I just use rsync to keep files in sync, but this runs through all of the files. Starting on server #1, inside the rancid base directory (/var/lib/rancid for me), with $LIST_OF_GROUPS from /etc/rancid/rancid.conf, using ssh with port 2022 , $REMOTE = DNS name of remote server : for i in $LIST_OF_GROUPS ; do echo $i ; rsync -n -i -e 'ssh -p 2022' /var/lib/rancid/$i/router.db $REMOTE:/var/lib/rancid/$i/router.db ; done To run vimdiff to see or manually sync a single file: vimdiff /var/lib/rancid/ABC/router.db scp://$REMOTE_SRV:2022//var/lib/rancid/ABC/router.db Note that this uses 2022 as an alternate ssh port for scp (as called by vimdiff). The automated sync operation is actually done from jenkins. This is probably not the ideal formula, but for self-documnetation purposes, here it is: crontab on server1 to remote server2. (REMOTE_SRV = server2’s DNS name) to copy files from server1 to remote server2. @daily export JENKINS_HOME=http://JENKINS.brunhilda.edu:8080 ; java -jar /usr/share/jenkins/external-job-monitor/java/jenkins-core-*.jar "rancid_sync srv1 to srv2" rsync --exclude 'configs' --exclude 'bin' --exclude 'logs' --exclude 'CVS' --compress --itemize-changes -Cavh -e 'ssh -p 2022' --checksum $REMOTE_SRV:/var/lib/rancid/ /var/lib/rancid/ http://www.handsomeplanet.com/archives/325

Apache 2.4.12 supports HTTP/2 via the module mod_h2,[54] although appropriate patches must be applied to the source code of the server in order for it to support that module. As of Apache 2.4.17 all patches are included in the main Apache source tree, although the module itself was renamed mod_http2.[55] Old versions of SPDY were supported via the module mod_spdy,[56] however the development of the module has stopped

HTTP/2 (originally named HTTP/2.0) is a major revision of the HTTP network protocol used by the World Wide Web. It was developed from the earlier experimental SPDY protocol, originally developed by Google.[1] HTTP/2[2] was developed by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol working group httpbis (where bis means "second") of the Internet Engineering Task Force.[3] HTTP/2 is the first new version of HTTP since HTTP 1.1, which was standardized in RFC 2068 in 1997. The Working Group presented HTTP/2 to IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard in December 2014,[4][5] and IESG approved it to publish as Proposed Standard on February 17, 2015.[6][7] The HTTP/2 specification was published as RFC 7540 in May 2015.[8] The standardization effort was supported by Chrome, Opera, Firefox,[9]Internet Explorer 11, Safari, Amazon Silk, and Edge browsers.[10] Most major browsers added HTTP/2 support by the end of 2015.[11] According to W3Techs, as of January 2017, 12.7% of the top 10 million websites supported HTTP/2.[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/2

1. The first email was sent by Ray Tomlinson to himself in 1971. "The test messages were entirely forgettable. . . . Most likely the first message was QWERTYIOP or something similar," he said. 2. The first domain name ever registered was Symbolics.com on March 15, 1985. Now it serves as a historic site. 3. The first website was dedicated to information about the World Wide Web and went live on August 6, 1991. Here's the url: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html. 4. The first picture ever uploaded on the web was posted by Tim Berners-Lee (inventor of the World Wide Web) on behalf of a comedy band called Les Horrible Cernettes. 5. The first AOL Instant Message was sent by Ted Leonsis to his wife on Jan. 6, 1993. It read, "Don't be scared ... it is me. Love you and miss you." His wife replied, "Wow ... this is so cool!" Leonsis later became AOL's Vice Chairman. 6. Joe McCambley ran the first banner ad ever online. It went live in October 1994 on HotWired.com and it promoted 7 art museums, sponsored by AT&T. 7. The first item sold on eBay (back then it was AuctionWeb) was a broken laser pointer for $14.83 in 1995. The man who bought it told founder Pierre Omidyar he collected broken laser pointers. 8. The first book purchased on Amazon was Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought in 1995. 9. The first sentence uttered on Skype was in Estonian in April 2003 by a member of the development team. It was 'Tere, kas sa kuuled mind?' or "Hello, can you hear me?" in English. 10. Mark Zuckerberg was the first person on Facebook with ID number 4 (the first three Facebook accounts were used for testing). The first non-founder to join Facebook was Arie Hasit (below), who is now in Israel studying to be a rabbi. 11. The first YouTube video posted was posted by co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. It was uploaded on April 23, 2005 and has been watched nearly 10 million times. 12. The first tweet was written by co-founder Jack Dorsey on March 21, 2006.