The first time I do sudo on openSUSE I'm always warned with a someway fancy message

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

root's password:

After the first successful login I won't be warned again.

I'd like to be always warned. I find this message someway fancy. Is there any way to be warned like that by sudo prompt?

Create a file inside /etc/sudoers.d/ You can use this command

sudo nano /etc/sudoers.d/privacy

Now paste this line into the file.

Defaults        lecture = always

Now close Terminal/Konsole, Reopen it and try to do something with sudo.

Linux command shelf is a quick reference guide that introduce most set of commands used in linux, broadly based on rhel / centos. Commands are divided into 15 sections with description for each commands. The pdf format of all these commands are available for download. Let us know if you have any comments or corrections.

You can download the latest version 1.1 of linux command shelf in pdf format. This guide can be used by newbies and also advanced users for reference.

You can navigate to each section using the index that is placed below. If you feel hard to understand any commands please let us know.

1. System

2. Hardware

3. Statistics

4. Users

5. File Commands

6. Process Related

7. File Permission Related

8. Network

9. Compression / Archives

10. Install Package

11. Search

12. Login (ssh and telnet)

13. File transfer

14. Disk Usage

15. Directory Traverse

1. SYSTEM

$ uname -a => Display linux system information

$ uname -r => Display kernel release information (refer uname command in detail)

$ cat /etc/redhat_release => Show which version of redhat installed

$ uptime => Show how long system running + load (learn uptime command)

$ hostname => Show system host name

$ hostname -i => Display the IP address of the host (all options hostname)

$ last reboot => Show system reboot history (more examples last command)

$ date => Show the current date and time (options of date command)

$ cal => Show this month calendar (what more in cal)

$ w => Display who is online (learn more about w command)

$ whoami => Who you are logged in as (example + sreenshots)

$ finger user => Display information about user (many options of finger command)

2. Hardware

$ dmesg => Detected hardware and boot messages (dmesg many more options)

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo => CPU model

$ cat /proc/meminfo => Hardware memory

$ cat /proc/interrupts => Lists the number of interrupts per CPU per I/O device

$ lshw => Displays information on hardware configuration of the system

$ lsblk => Displays block device related information in Linux (sudo yum install util-linux-ng)

$ free -m => Used and free memory (-m for MB) (free command in detail)

$ lspci -tv => Show PCI devices (very useful to find vendor ids)

$ lsusb -tv => Show USB devices (read more lsusb options)

$ lshal => Show a list of all devices with their properties

$ dmidecode => Show hardware info from the BIOS (vendor details)

$ hdparm -i /dev/sda # Show info about disk sda

$ hdparm -tT /dev/sda # Do a read speed test on disk sda

$ badblocks -s /dev/sda # Test for unreadable blocks on disk sda

3. Statistics

$ top => Display and update the top cpu processes (30 example options)

$ mpstat 1 => Display processors related statistics (learn mpstat command)

$ vmstat 2 => Display virtual memory statistics (very useful performance tool)

$ iostat 2 => Display I/O statistics (2sec Intervals) (more examples)

$ tail -n 500 /var/log/messages => Last 10 kernel/syslog messages (everyday use tail options)

$ tcpdump -i eth1 => Capture all packets flows on interface eth1 (useful to sort network issue)

$ tcpdump -i eth0 'port 80' => Monitor all traffic on port 80 ( HTTP )

$ lsof => List all open files belonging to all active processes.(sysadmin favorite command)

$ lsof -u testuser => List files opened by specific user

$ free -m => Show amount of RAM (daily usage command)

$ watch df -h => Watch changeable data continuously(interesting linux command)

4. Users

$ id => Show the active user id with login and group(with screenshot)

$ last => Show last logins on the system (few more examples)

$ who => Show who is logged on the system(real user who logged in)

$ groupadd admin => Add group "admin" (force add existing group)

$ useradd -c "Sam Tomshi" -g admin -m sam => Create user "sam" and add to group "admin"(here read all parameter)

$ userdel sam => Delete user sam (force,file removal)

$ adduser sam => Add user "sam"

$ usermod => Modify user information(mostly useful for linux system admins)

5. File Commands

$ ls -al => Display all information about files/ directories(20 examples)

$ pwd => Show current directory path(simple but need every day)

$ mkdir directory-name => Create a directory(create mutiple directory)

$ rm file-name => Delete file(be careful of using rm command)

$ rm -r directory-name => Delete directory recursively

$ rm -f file-name => Forcefully remove file

$ rm -rf directory-name => Forcefully remove directory recursively

$ cp file1 file2 => Copy file1 to file2 (15 cd command examples)

$ cp -r dir1 dir2 => Copy dir1 to dir2, create dir2 if it doesn't exist

$ mv file1 file2 => Move files from one place to another(with 10 examples)

$ ln -s /path/to/file-name link-name => Create symbolic link to file-name (examples)

$ touch file => Create or update file (timestamp change)

$ cat > file => Place standard input into file (15 cat command examples)

$ more file => Output the contents of file (help display long tail files)

$ head file => Output the first 10 lines of file (with different parameters)

$ tail file => Output the last 10 lines of file (detailed article with tail options)

$ tail -f file => Output the contents of file as it grows starting with the last 10 lines

$ gpg -c file => Encrypt file (how to use gpg)

$ gpg file.gpg => Decrypt file

6. Process Related

$ ps # Display your currently active processes (many parameters to learn)

$ ps aux | grep 'telnet' # Find all process id related to telnet process

$ pmap # Memory map of process (kernel,user memory etc)

$ top # Display all running processes (30 examples)

$ kill pid # Kill process with mentioned pid id (types of signals)

$ killall proc # Kill all processes named proc

$ pkill processname # Send signal to a process with its name

$ bg # Resumes suspended jobs without bringing them to foreground (bg and fg command)

$ fg # Brings the most recent job to foreground

$ fg n # Brings job n to the foreground

7. File Permission Related

$ chmod octal file-name # Change the permissions of file to octal , which can be found separately for user, group and world octal value (more examples)

4 - read 2 - write 1 - execute Example

$ chmod 777 /data/test.c # Set rwx permission for owner , rwx permission for group, rwx permission for world

$ chmod 755 /data/test.c # Set rwx permission for owner,rx for group and world

$ chown owner-user file # Change owner of the file (chown more examples)

$ chown owner-user:owner-group file-name # Change owner and group owner of the file

$ chown owner-user:owner-group directory # Change owner and group owner of the directory

Example

$ chown bobbin:linoxide test.txt

$ ls -l test.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 bobbin linoxide 0 Mar 04 08:56 test.txt

8. Network

$ ifconfig -a # Display all network ports and ip address (set mtu and other all options,ifconfig now in deprecated network command)

$ ifconfig eth0 # Display specific ethernet port ip address and details

$ ip addr show # Display all network interfaces and ip address(available in iproute2 package,powerful than ifconfig)

$ ip address add 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 # Set ip address

$ ethtool eth0 # Linux tool to show ethernet status (set full duplex , pause parameter)

$ mii-tool eth0 # Linux tool to show ethernet status (more or like ethtool)

$ ping host # Send echo request to test connection (learn sing enhanced ping tool)

$ whois domain # Get who is information for domain

$ dig domain # Get DNS information for domain (screenshots with other available parameters)

$ dig -x host # Reverse lookup host

$ host google.com # Lookup DNS ip address for the name (8 examples of host command)

$ hostname -i # Lookup local ip address (set hostname too)

$ wget file # Download file (very useful other option)

$ netstat -tupl # Listing all active listening ports(tcp,udp,pid) (13 examples)

9. Compression / Archives

$ tar cf home.tar home # Create tar named home.tar containing home/ (11 tar examples)

$ tar xf file.tar # Extract the files from file.tar

$ tar czf file.tar.gz files # Create a tar with gzip compression

$ gzip file # Compress file and renames it to file.gz (untar gzip file)

10. Install Package

$ rpm -i pkgname.rpm # Install rpm based package (Installing, Uninstalling, Updating, Querying ,Verifying)

$ rpm -e pkgname # Remove package

Install from source ./configure make make install (what it is)

11. Search

$ grep pattern files # Search for pattern in files (you will this command often)

$ grep -r pattern dir # Search recursively for pattern in dir

$ locate file # Find all instances of file

$ find /home/tom -name 'index*' # Find files names that start with "index"(10 find examples)

$ find /home -size +10000k # Find files larger than 10000k in /home

12. Login (ssh and telnet)

$ ssh user@host # Connect to host as user (secure data communication command)

$ ssh -p port user@host # Connect to host using specific port

$ telnet host # Connect to the system using telnet port

13. File Transfer

scp

$ scp file.txt server2:/tmp # Secure copy file.txt to remote host /tmp folder

$ scp nixsavy@server2:/www/*.html /www/tmp # Copy *.html files from remote host to current system /www/tmp folder

$ scp -r nixsavy@server2:/www /www/tmp # Copy all files and folders recursively from remote server to the current system /www/tmp folder

rsync

$ rsync -a /home/apps /backup/ # Synchronize source to destination

$ rsync -avz /home/apps linoxide@192.168.10.1:/backup # Synchronize files/directories between the local and remote system with compression enabled

14. Disk Usage

$ df -h # Show free space on mounted filesystems(commonly used command)

$ df -i # Show free inodes on mounted filesystems

$ fdisk -l # Show disks partitions sizes and types(fdisk command output)

$ du -ah # Display disk usage in human readable form (command variations)

$ du -sh # Display total disk usage on the current directory

$ findmnt # Displays target mount point for all filesystem (refer type,list,evaluate output)

$ mount device-path mount-point # Mount a device

15. Directory Traverse

$ cd .. # To go up one level of the directory tree(simple & most needed)

$ cd # Go to $HOME directory

$ cd /test # Change to /test directory

Nope, both the sender and recipient fields can only be complete smtp addresses, it is not possible to search using wildcards.

If you want to do that you will need to search the log files manually using something like notepad++ (which can search multiple files at once which should help!).

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb124926%28EXCHG.80%29.aspx

From the Exchange Management Shell, run the following command:

Get-MessageTrackingLog -EventId "RECEIVE" -Start "5/1/2015 12:00:00 AM" -End "5/31/2015 11:59:59 PM" -ResultSize unlimited | where {$_.Sender -like "*@godaddy.com"}

This will search everyone's mailbox on your Exchange server for all emails from anyone at GoDaddy.com between May 1, 2015 and May 31, 2015 and display them.  You can add specific recipients to your command by specifying -Recipients:username@domain.com anywhere before the pipe ("|").

Good news! Version 4.3.2 of Invision Community is now available.

IPS Community Suite 4.3.2

Released 05/10/2018

Key Changes

Version 4.3.2 is a small maintenance update to fix issues reported since 4.3.1, including: 

• Promotes non-functional when "Our Picks" disabled.
• Various emoji fixes, including skintones and mobile issues. 
• Online stats. 
• Numerous IE11 fixes. 
• PayPal billing agreements failing due to lack of address.

Microsoft Issues More Spectre Updates For Intel CPUs

These latest releases come on the heels of Microsoft’s initial debut of Intel CPU microcode fixes in March, KB4090007, which addressed some Skylake devices running the most broadly installed version of Windows 10. With these additional updates, the firmware lineup now covers most Skylake, Haswell and Broadwell chips.

Microsoft’s decision to help distribute available Intel firmware through Windows updates adds another layer of security for Intel-based processors on top of Intel’s reliance on motherboard and system vendors to package the microcode into BIOS updates for products.

“Windows devices need both software and firmware updates to help protect them against these new vulnerabilities,” John Cable, Microsoft director of Program Management for Windows Servicing and Delivery, wrote in a post in March. “Intel recently announced that they have completed their validations and started to release microcode for newer CPU platforms.”

Earlier in April, Microsoft released operating system updates addressing Spectre for AMD in its Patch Tuesday updates. These Spectre mitigations are for AMD users running Windows 10 (version 1709).

The Spectre and Meltdown security flaws, which were first disclosed by Google Project Zero in early January, impact a range of processors, including those from Intel, ARM and AMD. They could potentially allow hackers to access users’ protected data. In the months since they were publicized, both software and hardware companies have been rushing to figure out the best strategies for issuing patches around the security flaws.

Companies like Intel and Microsoft have hit road bumps along the way. One researcher for instance alleged that the Microsoft January Patch Tuesday update actually made security matters worse. Intel meanwhile in January acknowledged that some companies were reporting reboot issues with both older and newer chips (for both client compute and data center environments) after they patched their devices.

mkdir /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM

touch /var/cpanel/ApachePHPFPM/system_pool_defaults.yaml

php_admin_value_disable_functions : passthru,system

/scripts/php_fpm_config --rebuild

Spam Prevention

People signing up on your community just to post spam is a never ending battle much like spam in your email inbox. IPS Community Suite has tools to help you fight that battle.

CAPTCHA

In the captcha section you will be able to choose a captcha type. These prevent automated spam bots by asking the user to enter text shown, complete a puzzle, or an automatic detection to prove that a user is human.

Invision Community 4.2 and below support reCAPTCHA, reCAPTCHA 2 and keyCAPTCHA.

Important Note: Google has discontinued reCAPTCHA v1 and this service is no longer available. If you are using Invision Community 4.2 or below, you will need to reset your CAPTCHA service preference to reCAPTCHA 2 or keyCAPTCHA. Be aware that both services will require you to register for a (free) API key before you can use them. Links to sign up for a free API key are available in the AdminCP on the CAPTCHA configuration page.

Invision Community 4.3 and above support reCAPTCHA 2, keyCAPTCHA and Invisible reCAPTCHA.

Flagging Spammers

The "Flagging Spammers" section is where you can set up what happens when a member on your community is flagged as a spammer. This will allow you to have a member automatically banned, remove submitted content and notify someone if you wish to do so.

IPS Spam Service

The IPS Spam service is a free service provided by IPS to clients with an active licence. From here you can set up what automatically happens to these users when they are detected as being a potential spammer by the service.

Question and Answer Challenge

The question and answer challenge gives you an extra customisable set of questions and answers you can present to a potential member to ensure that the user is human and not an automated spamming bot. You can put whatever questions you like in here for people to answer along with multiple possible answers.